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The Resonance Hybrid Structure of Benzene
- The
molecular structure of the benzene molecule has a new condition. The
old name was benzene ring. The new and correct name is
resonance hybrid
structure.
New X-ray studies reveal that the distance between the carbon atoms in
benzene is 1.39 Angstroms. This is different than the normal 1.34
Angstroms for double-bonded atoms and 1.53 Angstroms for single-bonded
atoms. The 1.39 Angstrom condition produces a large magnetic flux field.
You can view the benzene molecule with its large
electromagnetic fields at
www.biografx.com/catalog/slides/kmq460.jpg
and
www.demon-software.com/public_html/images/benz.gif.
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Benzene's
new bonding condition
- This bonding condition is the reason that benzene molecules are so carcinogenic.
It is also the reason that the electrons on each carbon atom are
orbiting above and below the plane of the molecule atoms. These
electrons are called Pi-bonding electrons. This condition gives the
benzene its outstanding stable state, but this also makes the benzene
molecule process a diamagnetic potential.
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Why are those benzene molecules so stable?
- Most addition reactions in chemistry are normal,
but the benzene molecule prefers substitution. The close bonds of 1.39
Angstroms causes benzene to possess 36 Kcal/mol LESS energy then
predicted during addition. This missing energy is called Resonance
Energy. Linus Pauling proposed this resonance energy theory in 1931.
It’s just in the last few years that we can see it with X-rays.
The bonding condition causes the Pi-bonding electrons to go into an
orbital state, which is called delocalization. Delocalization means that the Pi-electrons will travel
around the benzene ring from carbon atom to carbon atom.
All six-carbon atoms in the ring
share a Pi-electron.
In the electronics field, we call the Pi-electrons “electron flow” or “current flow.” The delocalization causes a
current flow that produces what medical professional call
“electrostatic potential” and electronics professionals call “electromagnetic flux
fields.” This very large electromagnetic flux
field can cause many different types of genetic mutations of the cells,
which operate at –60 to –70 Millivolts.
The
electrostatic potential is measured with Newton’s unit of force in
dynes.
The
electromagnetic flux field is measured with the Weber unit of
magnetic flux.
These units are from the
International
System
of Units.
You
can review the new resonance hybrid structure of the benzene molecule at:
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